From your textbook review questions. Which of the following periods is the earliest during which animals may have appeared? Ordovician period Cambrian period Ediacaran period Cryogenian period

From your textbook review questions. Most sponge body plans are slight variations on a simple tube-within-a-tube design. Which of the following is a key limitation of sponge body plans? Sponges lack the specialized cell types needed to produce more complex body plans. The reliance on osmosis/diffusion requires a design that maximizes the surface area to volume ratio of the sponge. Choanocytes must be protected from the hostile exterior environment. Spongin cannot support heavy bodies.

From your textbook visual connections questions. Which of the following statements about common features of chordates is true? The dorsal hollow nerve cord is part of the chordate central nervous system. In vertebrate fishes, the pharyngeal slits become the gills. Humans are not chordates because humans do not have a tail. Vertebrates do not have a notochord at any point in their development; instead, they have a vertebral column.

From your textbook review questions. The nematode cuticle contains _____. glucose skin cells chitin nerve cells

From your textbook review questions. The sister taxon of the Chordata is the _____. Mollusca Arthropoda Ambulacraria Rotifera

From your textbook review questions. Stomata appear in which group of plants? Charales liverworts hornworts mosses

From your textbook visual connections questions. Which of the following statements about the fern life cycle is false? Sporangia produce haploid spores. The sporophyte grows from a gametophyte. The sporophyte is diploid and the gametophyte is haploid. Sporangia form on the underside of the gametophyte.

From your textbook review questions. Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra? They grow better at cold temperatures. They do not require moisture. They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces. There are no herbivores in the tundra.

From your textbook visual connections questions. Which of the following statements about plant divisions is false? Lycophytes and pterophytes are seedless vascular plants. All vascular plants produce seeds. All non-vascular embryophytes are bryophytes. Seed plants include angiosperms and gymnosperms.

From your textbook review questions. Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms? The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves. Reproductive structures are located in a flower. After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit. The gametophyte is the longest phase of the life cycle.