Consider the following three biases: observer bias, voluntary response bias, and recall bias. For each bias: first briefly define that bias. Second, describe a needfinding scenario where that bias might occur and how it might affect the results of the needfinding exercise. Third, describe how the researcher might revise the situation to mitigate that bias. Do these three things for each of the three biases.

Consider the routine activity of sending a text message from the perspective of the user. Beginning from the moment that the user decides to send the text message, and concluding with the text having been successfully sent, analyze this task from the perspective of gulfs of execution and evaluation. Make sure to name and appropriately use all three stages of each gulf in your answer. A strong answer will certainly need to see the user bridging each gulf multiple times as there are multiple actions the user must perform to complete this task. Remember, the goal of this question is to demonstrate your understanding of the course material. If you need to describe additional assumptions or add additional details to give yourself room to demonstrate your understanding, feel free!

Consider the following three biases: confirmation bias, social desirability bias, and voluntary response bias. For each bias: first briefly define that bias. Second, describe a needfinding scenario where that bias might occur and how it might affect the results of the needfinding exercise. Third, describe how the researcher might revise the situation to mitigate that bias. Do these three things for each of the three biases.

Consider the following situation: you are designing a new digital tool for students to use to evaluate their instructors and classes at the end of each semester. First, analyze this situation from the perspective of the stakeholders involved in this design. As part of that analysis, you should identify at least one primary stakeholder, two secondary stakeholders, and three tertiary stakeholders. For each, briefly describe why you define them as a primary, secondary, or tertiary stakeholder. Second, for one of those tertiary stakeholders, describe how keeping that tertiary stakeholder in mind might alter the design compared to if you did not consider that tertiary stakeholder. Third, describe one instance where the interests of two stakeholders might be in conflict and why. Note that there is no single right answer we are looking for on this question: we are not grading based on whether you name the same stakeholders we have in mind. Rather, we are looking for you to demonstrate your understanding of the different types of stakeholders, as well as the value of considering then in your design process. You may add details or articulate your assumptions in your answer as necessary to allow you to demonstrate your understanding.

Consider the following three biases: observer bias, social desirability bias, and recall bias. For each bias: first briefly define that bias. Second, describe a needfinding scenario where that bias might occur and how it might affect the results of the needfinding exercise. Third, describe how the researcher might revise the situation to mitigate that bias. Do these three things for each of the three biases.

Consider the following situation: you are designing a new digital tool for fast food restaurant patrons to leave feedback on the service they received after getting their food. First, analyze this situation from the perspective of the stakeholders involved in this design. As part of that analysis, you should identify at least one primary stakeholder, two secondary stakeholders, and three tertiary stakeholders. For each, briefly describe why you define them as a primary, secondary, or tertiary stakeholder. Second, for one of those tertiary stakeholders, describe how keeping that tertiary stakeholder in mind might alter the design compared to if you did not consider that tertiary stakeholder. Third, describe one instance where the interests of two stakeholders might be in conflict and why. Note that there is no single right answer we are looking for on this question: we are not grading based on whether you name the same stakeholders we have in mind. Rather, we are looking for you to demonstrate your understanding of the different types of stakeholders, as well as the value of considering then in your design process. You may add details or articulate your assumptions in your answer as necessary to allow you to demonstrate your understanding.

Consider the following three biases: observer bias, social desirability bias, and voluntary response bias. For each bias: first briefly define that bias. Second, describe a needfinding scenario where that bias might occur and how it might affect the results of the needfinding exercise. Third, describe how the researcher might revise the situation to mitigate that bias. Do these three things for each of the three biases.

Consider the routine activity of leaving a voicemail from the perspective of the user. Beginning from the moment that the user decides to make the phone call, and concluding with finishing leaving the voicemail message, analyze this task from the perspective of gulfs of execution and evaluation. Make sure to name and appropriately use all three stages of each gulf in your answer. A strong answer will certainly need to see the user bridging each gulf multiple times as there are multiple actions the user must perform to complete this task. Remember, the goal of this question is to demonstrate your understanding of the course material. If you need to describe additional assumptions or add additional details to give yourself room to demonstrate your understanding, feel free!

Consider the following three biases: confirmation bias, voluntary response bias, and recall bias. For each bias: first briefly define that bias. Second, describe a needfinding scenario where that bias might occur and how it might affect the results of the needfinding exercise. Third, describe how the researcher might revise the situation to mitigate that bias. Do these three things for each of the three biases.

Consider the following task: invitees to a meeting need to be able to quickly indicate whether they will or will not attend, and if not, they need to have the option to indicate a reason for their absence. Digital calendars need to provide mechanisms to support this task. Analyze this task from each of three models of the user: the user as a processor, the user as a predictor, and the user as a participant. For each model, first propose what the goal of the design should be given that particular way of thinking about the user. Then, propose how you might measure whether that goal was fulfilled. Then, briefly discuss one place where two different models might suggest different design decisions, and how you might choose which model to go with. Note that there is no one single right answer to this question. There are many compatible goals and measurements you might propose. Our objective with this question is to evaluate the goals and measurements you propose are truly emblematic of the model to which you attach them.