(03.02 MC) Marine scientists have collected data showing that oceans have become warmer in recent years. This increase in temperature would reflect an increase in thermal energy stored in the ocean. If true, would this validate or invalidate the Law of Conservation of Energy? (3 points)

(02.02 MC) Which idea best describes why the volume of water in Earth’s oceans changes? (3 points)

(03.02 HC) Phytoplankton use sunlight to gain energy through photosynthesis. As a result of the Law of Conservation of Energy, phytoplankton cannot gain more energy than it consumes. A closed system consisting of an aquarium, phytoplankton, and sunlight is set up. Which of the following methods would best demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Energy? (3 points)

(03.01 MC) Cod grow and reproduce best when the temperature is below 54 degrees Fahrenheit. The following graph shows the temperature anomalies from 1960 to 2015. Temperature anomaly refers to the way in which the temperature is different from the long-term average. If the anomaly is negative, that means the temperature is lower than normal; if the temperature anomaly is positive, the temperature is warmer than normal. © 2016 NEAQ.org According to the graph, what prediction can be made regarding the ecosystem in which cod live? (3 points)

(03.03 MC) Most filter-feeding whales have calls between 15 to 25 hertz, but one type of filter-feeding whale has a much higher frequency, at 52 hertz. What likely differs between the two whale calls? (3 points)

(03.01 MC) Sea turtles spend most of their lives at sea feeding on jellyfish. When it is time to lay their eggs, mature females come ashore. They dig nests in the sand along the coast, lay their eggs, and then return to the sea. The data below show the changing sea levels since the late 1800s. © 2016 NEAQ.org If the current trend shown in the graph continues, what prediction is most likely regarding the future of sea turtles? (3 points)

(01.01 MC) The oxygen level of a lake suddenly starts decreasing. A biologist believes that photosynthetic organisms in the community have become less efficient at producing oxygen. A geologist believes that changes in the ground have increased the inflow of water into the lake. Why are both of these options valid scientific hypotheses? (3 points)

(02.03 LC) What weather factor is also a measurement of energy held within the air? (3 points)

(02.02 HC) Volcanic eruptions produce lava, which is molten rock that eventually cools into a solid. The gases released during an eruption become trapped in pockets within the lava that remain when the lava solidifies. Scientists can later extract these gases to determine which gases were produced during the eruption, and in what quantities. The table below shows the percent concentration of gases found after the eruption of Mount Saint Helens in Washington, USA. Gases produced during eruption Percent molar concentration H2O 91.58 H2 0.85 CO2 6.64 CO 0.06 SO2 0.2089 H2S 0.3553 S2 0.0039 © 2016 Oregon State EduDo these findings allow the inside-out model to be elevated to a scientific theory? Why or why not? (3 points)

(02.06 LC) Which of the following best defines the carbon cycle? (3 points)