When people ________ convey information or provide material to third parties, they cannot have a reasonable expectation of privacy (even if those third parties are best friends) because the third parties could easily turn the information over to authorities.

Who are considered government officials within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment?

Police officers can stop and detain motorists in their vehicles with articulable and reasonable suspicion that the motorist is violating the law.

A piece of property is in a person’s actual possession if he or she is physically holding or grasping the property.

The additional step of ________ a suspect is a Fourth Amendment intrusion that requires justification apart from that required to stop the person.

This term refers to more than bare suspicion; it exists when “the facts and circumstances within [the officers’] knowledge and of which they [have] reasonably trustworthy information [are] sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the [suspect] had committed or was committing an offense.”

The total incorporation perspective can be best described as the view that:

Open fields do not enjoy Fourth Amendment protection, but homes and curtilage do.

According to the Supreme Court, which of the following is the “area to which extends the intimate activity associated with the sanctity of a man’s home and the privacies of life”?

A temporary involuntary detention which must be predicated on reasonable suspicion is referred to as: