Starving time referred to the winter of 1609-1610 in

Taverns and Coffeehouses played an important role:

Queen Isabella I of Castile played a pivotal role in domestic and foreign politics in her country, creating influential networks that stretched beyond the boundaries of her realm. She also agreed to fund Christopher Columbus’ expedition to the New World:

Mercantilism is the economic theory holding that the prosperity of a nation depends upon its supply of capital:

Benjamin Franklin, the North American epitome of the Enlightenment:

Encomienda means:

Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) was a French sociologist and political theorist who travelled to the United States in 1831 to study its prisons and returned with a wealth of broader observations that he codified in “Democracy in America” (1835), one of the most influential books of the 19th century.

Matrilineal meant:

Seven Years War brought upon the end of French power in North America (excluding Quebec):

America’s indigenous peoples and origin stories