During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate through the gel toward the positive electrode. What property of DNA causes this migration?

Calico cats display patches of orange and black fur due to X-chromosome inactivation. Why are nearly all calico cats female?

Broadly speaking, what is the biggest difference between gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Why are antibiotics effective against bacterial infections but not viral infections?

After transformation, bacteria are plated on media containing ampicillin, and only some colonies grow. What does this tell you about the bacteria that survived?

Despite decades of GMO consumption, many studies claiming health risks from GMOs should be viewed critically. Which of the following is a valid reason to be skeptical of a study claiming GMOs are harmful?

A plasmid’s multiple cloning site (MCS) contains recognition sequences for several different restriction enzymes. What is the primary advantage of having multiple restriction sites in this region?

What is the function of the origin of replication (ori) in a plasmid used for cloning?

Following treatment with restriction enzymes, what procedure would be used to separate DNA fragments of different lengths?

What is the key characteristic that distinguishes epigenetic changes from mutations?