​Which court decision held that the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of an inmate?

​ The rate of incarceration in the United States is one of the lowest in the world.

One impact of sentencing guidelines is that sentencing discretion has shifted from the prosecutor to the judge.​

​The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was:

​According to the authors, which of the following is NOT one of the major sentencing structures currently used in the United States?

​Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by:

Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and         in the community.​

​Social and political values greatly influence correctional thought and practices.

​Systems learn, grow, and improve according to what?

​By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized.