​_________________ were abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicts during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790.

​During the last 25 years the Supreme Court has been             prisoners’ rights.

​Public opinion about punishment has remained static over the last 200 years.

Experts usually cite      as reasons wrongful convictions occur.​

​The new industrialism brought about a shift from penal to economic considerations as the basis for punishment.

​As a social institution, corrections reflects the vision and concerns of the:

​A common concern shared by both liberal and conservative politicians is that:

​Corrections is a means of social:

​A house of _________________________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of a workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the inmates and setting them to work.

​Approximately             of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole.