Included among the categories of speech that has at least some protection under the First Amendment is

In libel law, negligence has been defined as including

Actual malice is best described as

In the case of Gertz v. Welch, the Supreme Court allowed the states to set the legal limits of liability for private-person libel cases provided those states do not impose

In Gertz v. Welch, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the plaintiff, prominent Chicago attorney Elmer Gertz, was

In Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, the U.S. Supreme Court effectively authorized censorship of

The qualified privilege in libel

The Supreme Court refused to extend the actual malice rule to private persons because

The theory that advocates freedom of expression as necessary to enrich the life of the speaker and allow individuals to become the persons they wish to be is

A legal standard that provides more protection for freedom of expression by prohibiting speech only when there is clear evidence of an incitement to lawless action is known as the