BONUS: 2pt Paclitaxel shown here contains: …[blank1] hydrogen bond donor (HBD) groups. …[blank2] hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) groups.

FREE RESPONSE SECTION – 5 multipart questions.

Caffeine 101: Consider the graph in Figure 2. What is the pH for a 0.2M NaOH solution? [blank1] Recall that pH + pOH = 14  

Recall the discussion of Sugars and Artificial Sweeteners… Refer to the structures shown here for the following “SUGAR” questions: *** a) Which of the “sugars” is absorbed INTACT into the body after an oral dose? [blank1] *** b) Which of the “sugars” is/are eliminated intact in the feces after an oral dose? [blank3] Why? [blank4] *** c) Which TWO sugars could be described as DISACCHARIDES? [blank5] (enter both in same blank) *** d) An oral dose of sucrose is converted to two monosaccharides called : [blank6] (enter both in same blank) *** e) The conversion of sucrose into two monosaccharides occurs in the body in the: [blank7] *** f) This conversion process described above is referred to as  [blank8] and leads to [blank9] (e.g. same or different)monomeric sugars found in high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Consider the hydrolysis reaction of the sweetener aspartame (shown below) *** g) Hydrolysis of aspartame yields two amino acids…name them: (i) [blank10]; (ii) [blank11] *** h) If amino acid (ii) cannot be further converted to amino acid (iii), a patient may develop a disease called… [blank13] *** i) Persistent high levels of sugar in the blood can lead to the potentially toxic process of “glycation”.  This process involves the formation of a [blank14] bond between a sugar molecule and an endogenous protein. (choices: ionic or covalent) *** j) What are the approximate percentages of Fructose and Glucose in HFCS55? [blank15]

Caffeine 101: To promote the solubility of caffeine in a non-polar organic solvent such as CH2Cl2, the extraction procedure should take place under _______ conditions.

Caffeine 101: Caffeine is a heterocyclic compound. In just a few words, define “heterocyclic”: [blank1]

Recalling the term “ADME” … When a drug is administered to a patient, the concentration of the drug in the blood increases, and then falls with time. Question: Select the TWO TERMS terms (A, D, M, or E) that would most likely cause an INCREASE in the concentration of the drug in a patient’s urine…

Caffeine 101: What type of Phase I metabolism could caffeine potentially undergo up to THREE times? [blank1]

Recalling the term “ADME” … When a drug is administered to a patient, the concentration of the drug in the blood increases, and then falls with time. Question: Which of the four terms (A, D, M, or E) would most likely cause an INCREASE in the concentration of the drug in a patient’s blood?

Select the in vitro conditions/parameters that can affect the ability of an enzyme to function properly. (select all that apply)…