To an economist, ____________ is an abstract representation of the world to answer questions that do not have obvious answers.  In Economics, _________ are often judged by how well they predict.

Economists use the _____________ assumption to isolate the relationship between two variables. It allows them to see the cause and effect relationships, without being confused by other possible influences.   ____________ means all other things constant.

Not so surprisingly, one of my favorite objects is the Cat’s Eye Nebula located over 3000 ly away.  The Hubble Space Telescope recently observed this object in breathtaking detail in April 2023.  Which of the following statements is true? 

As your fingers type up the answers to this exam, this is best described by what type of energy?

You are researching a galaxy using stunning images from JWST.  You are focusing on a particular aspect – a signature typically found at 300 nm.  Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the galaxy if the same signature is detected, but now located at 310 nm. Select all that apply.

The light from a distant galaxy

My favorite color is red defined as 650 nm.  How energetic is this amazing color? 

In the presence of an ATP analog that can bind myosin normally but cannot be hydrolyzed…

The actin-nucleating protein formin has flexible “whiskers” containing binding sites that help recruit actin subunits in order to enhance polymerization by this protein. What protein would you expect to bind to these sites?

The rod photoreceptors in the eye are extremely sensitive to light. The cells sense light through a signal transduction cascade involving light activation of a GPCR that activates a G protein that activates cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. How would you expect the addition of the following drugs to affect the light-sensing ability of the rod cells? Explain your answers. a drug that inhibits cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase a drug that is a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP