Although nearly one of ten arrestees for murder is a woman, judges and juries seem very reluctant to sentence a woman to death.​

Western states tend to have the highest incarceration rates of African Americans in the United States.​

​To combat ambiguities in classification, correctional administrators have started using:

​A classification system that has a significant amount of overlap is able give correctional administrators guidance about appropriate treatment for offenders.

             adults have committed a serious offense in their lifetime.​

The victim’s perception of the race of the offender:​

​Whites tend to admit to more              crimes than African Americans or Hispanics when completing a self-report survey.

When groups are treated differently without regard to their behavior or qualifications, _______ occurs.​

​Analysts argue that public opinion for the death penalty is:

Patterns of disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system:​