Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by 

Genetic variation is produced during sexual reproduction when

Mitosis allows organisms to generate genetic diversity.

Mendel made 4 conclusions about heredity after his experiments on peas (2 laws were later summarized from these conclusions). Explain each of the conclusions (or laws) and how peas helped elucidate these conclusions. 

The labrador cannot have a brown coat unless a separate gene allows pigment deposition in the fur, this is called codominance. 

The impact of a single gene on more than one character is called pleiotropy. 

When observing a chicken skin cell in G2 under a microscope, you count 156 total chromatids. How many chromosomes does a male chicken have in its sperm cells? 

Describe why variation is important to evolution. Please use an example. 

A soil pH of 6.5 is often considered ideal for phosphorus availability.  Why?

One of the following blocks is designed to catch any type of exception, which is correct?