Camera: The focal length of a thin lens is 40 mm and its aperture diameter is 10 mm. What is the f-number of this lens?

Electromagnetic waves: An electromagnetic wave propagates along the +y direction as shown in the figure. If the electric field at the origin is along the +z direction, what is the direction of the magnetic field?

Snell’s law: A ray of light goes from one transparent material into another, as shown in the figure. What can you conclude about the indices of refraction of these two materials?

Electric field and potential: If the electrical potential in a region is constant, the electric field must be zero everywhere in that region.

Ampere’s law: A tube with a 3.0-mm radius has ions flowing through it along its length. To determine the rate at which the charge is being moved through the tube, the magnetic field just outside the tube is measured and found to be

Internal battery resistance: The emf and the internal resistance of a battery are shown in the figure. If a current of 7.8 A is established through the battery from b to a, what is the terminal voltage Vab of the battery?

Ampere’s law: A very long, solid, conducting cylinder of radius R carries a current along its length uniformly distributed throughout the cylinder. Which one of the graphs shown in the figure most accurately describes the magnitude B of the magnetic field produced by this current as a function of the distance r from the central axis?

Lenz’s law: A circular loop of wire lies in the plane of the paper. An increasing magnetic field points out of the paper. What is the direction of the induced current in the loop?

LR circuits: A series LR circuit contains an emf source of having no internal resistance, a resistor, a inductor having no appreciable resistance, and a switch. If the emf across the inductor is of its maximum value after the switch is closed, what is the resistance of the resistor?

Lenz’s law: In the figure, a C-shaped conductor is in a uniform magnetic field B, which is increasing. The polarity of the induced emf in terminals X and Y is