​The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which prisoners were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and were subjected to: 

The most frequently applied set of sentencing guidelines used throughout the United States is the:​

​The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as:

​With reference to time, rehabilitation is:

The clerk of the court is responsible for preparing the presentence report provided to a judge prior to sentencing.​

Divergence in the lengths and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or crimes of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification is known as a: 

​Which case allowed inmates to sue state officials for brutality, inadequate medical care and nutrition, theft of personal property, and the denial of basic rights?

​Best known for his utilitarian theories, including his creation of the phrase of “hedonic calculus,” Jeremy Bentham was a leading social scholar and philosopher of his time.

The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the ______________and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime.

__________________ refers to a report prepared by a probation officer, who investigates a convicted offender’s background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence.​