The gap between unemployment rates for African American men and every other group in society grows when:​

Incapacitation focuses on characteristics of the offenders instead of characteristics of the victims.​

Criminal justice officials make a variety of decisions that disadvantage minority males. These include:​

Men between which ages are more prone to violence?​

Most prison violence that occurs on a regular basis is between inmates and: ​

Formal codes of institutional conduct have emerged only in the last 40 years.​

​One key method shown to prevent AIDS transmission is through:

Some inmates, upon incarceration, decide to withdraw from others as well as isolate themselves as a form of coping with the inmate society.​

​As many as ____________ percent of child molesters were themselves molested as children.

According to the authors, unionization of correctional officers has brought:​