Professional APCs can be distinguished from other APCs because they express what surface protein complex?

This is a big question, so please answer all of it.  Please label your answers (A-L) to match each of the questions. Immune responses can be specialized to respond to three different categories of infectious threat (pathogen).  One of these categories is the intracellular pathogen category.  a. Give an example of an effector cell that would be an expected responder to this type of pathogen. (Maybe read the other parts of this question before answering).b. What does this cell do to resist the infection?c. Is this cell part of the innate or adaptive immune system?d. Is this cell considered to be a sentinel cell?e. Does this cell need to travel to the site of pathogen infection, or can this cell do its effector function from a distance?f. Could this cell be considered part of either the humoral or cellular arms of the immune system? If so, which one?g. As part of its effector function, does this cell target the pathogen directly or indirectly?h. Can this cell present antigen?i. Does this cell need to undergo tolerance processes?j. Can this cell recognize antigen?

Which measure of disease occurrence can be estimated in a cross-sectional study?

Suppose we conducted a prospective cohort study on the association between smoking and stroke in American adults aged 65. Suppose that the 10-year risk of stroke in smokers is 0.08 and that the 10-year risk of stroke in individuals who do not smoke is 0.04. This means that the estimate of the risk ratio is 2.00 (0.08/0.04). What is the interpretation of this estimate? What is the interpretation of this estimate?

The concept with this procedure is that any area of blockage to breathing, from the nose to the voice-box, is bypassed by a hole placed into the windpipe.

Refers to patients with CompSA who do not have Cheyne-Stokes breathing or are not taking narcotics or other medications altering ventilatory drive.

Patients with CompSA can be adequately treated with CPAP or a bilevel device.

Normal Expiratory Time

The recommended maximum CPAP should be __ cm H2O for patients less than 12 years and __ cm H2O for patients greater than or equal to 12 years.

Of the following, what is the best documented risk factor for OSA?