Symbolically, the Night Journey placed Islam within the Abrahamic traditions. It connected Islam to Judaism and Christianity, marked Mecca as a sacred city in Islam, and further placed Muhammad within the prophetic tradition, albeit at the top as the “seal of the prophets.”

In Islamic tradition, what does it mean that Muhammad is considered the “Seal of the Prophets”?

Another leading collector of hadith was the Baghdad jurisconsult Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, who was active in the generation after Malik. He was a stubbornly orthoprax Muslim who spent long periods in prison and was beaten for his rejection of the “rationalist” theological views of the Mu’tazilites, who were favored at court as the empire’s official school. Ahmad is said to have memorized a million hadiths, which he used to develop yet another law school, which bears his name. Ibn Hanbal compiled a collec­tion of hadith called the Musnad, so-called because it is arranged according to the isndds of specific companions.

What is the underlying theme of the quote: “The Muslims move heavenward through Muhammad, whereas the Christians receive their Lord in his earthward condescension, which later moves toward an ascension.”

In pre-Islamic Arabia, different approaches to religion attracted different people for different reasons. Monotheism was attractive because it was personalized and local. Local holy men, deities, shrines, stories, and religious practices formed the center of small-scale community life.

According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and was called to prophethood in 610 CE at the age of forty.  

  “Divine saying,” or hadith qudsi, is…………………………………………………   

Abu Talib lost everything. Stories recount Muhammad’s family eating leaves from the trees, because they could not afford food. Aging and likely weakened from starvation, Khadijah, Muhammad’s closest confidant, died in 650 CE, followed by his protector, Abu Talib. Muhammad called it the Year of Sadness (or the Year of Sorro) and the darkest period of his life.

Which of the following would be a contraindication for the use of estrogen hormonal replacement for a 50 year-old female with symptoms of menopause?

After a car accident, a patient is brought to the Emergency Department. The client is alert and oriented, but states he has dyspnea. O2 sats fluctuate between 88% to 90%. O2 is applied at 2L per nasal cannula, with no improvement. O2 per mask is initiated, again with no improvement. Suddenly the client loses consciousness, has a respiratory arrest and subsequently dies. After the code is called, it is found that the O2 was never turned on by the nurse. What is the key ethical principle involved in this situation?