Transformation is the genetic process by which:

Which of the following has the most minimal growth requirements (is the easiest to grow)?

Which of the following is a common childhood disorder?

Case Study 2:  This 63-year-old alcoholic was taken to the emergency room of an outside hospital with obvious gangrene of both feet.  He was stuporous.  During that evening, he had a seizure and was treated with phenytoin and barbiturates.  By the night of transfer he was noted to have opisthotonic posturing and to have developed increasing respiratory distress and unresponsiveness.  On examination, he had a temperature of 41.7°C rectally, a blood pressure of 70/30 mmHg, a heart rate of 110 beats/min, and a respiratory rate of 40/min.  Examination was notable for marked trismus.  The neck was stiff and hyperextended.  Necrotic, blackened areas were present over both feet and several draining ulcers were noted on the heels and toes.  Neurologically the patient responded to deep pain with a grimace.  On the basis of these findings, specific therapy, in addition to supportive care, was initiated, and the patient ultimately recovered. Case Study 2.1:  What organism is most likely causing the infection which occurred secondarily to the gangrene?

A reticulate body is the metabolically active form of:

Case Study 4:  A male textile worker in a fur store is admitted to the emergency room of a New York City hospital suffering from breathing difficulties and coughing spasmodically.  A chest x-ray reveals pleural effusions and widening of the mediastinum. The physician notices the presence of vesicular lesions and black, necrotic skin tissue on the man’s hands. A stat gram stain of vesicle fluid indicated the presence of large, gram-positive bacilli. Case Study 4.2:  What could this patient have done to prevent contracting this illness?

The predominant normal flora of the intestinal tract of humans are:

If you had two positive PPD tests and your chest x-ray is negative, you are considered __________ and you must be treated for ____________.

Answer the next three questions (A, B, C) concerning Enterobacteriaceae: Question B:   List one organism in the Enterobacteriaceae family that can only be classified as a opportunistic pathogen. 

Case Study 3:   A 21-year-old college student attending school in New York was in good health until she developed a fever, nausea, headache, and muscle pain. A few days later, she developed a rash on her forearms—small, flat, pink, non-itchy spots. Three weeks prior, she had taken a trip to North Carolina and hiked through the woods for a couple of days. She encountered no other people or animals during her trek. About a week later, she started exhibiting the symptoms that sent her to the doctor’s office. Case Study 3.1:  What was the most likely etiologic agent of infection in this patient?