Amy is planning to knockdown gene “X” in a specific type of brain cells in Drosophila melanogaster. Which of the following technique is the more appropriate for achieving gene knockdown.

Both Drosophila and humans use the XX/XY system for sex determination, but there is a key mechanistic difference. Please describe and list 2 sex chromosome makeups that give different sex phenotypes between flies and humans.

List 4 different non-coding RNAs and describe their roles in gene regulation.

Alex is an 11 month old infant. He is constantly placing any item he touches in his mouth. According to Freud, which psychosexual stage of development is Alex most likely navigating through? 

Sigmund Freud’s theory that emphasizes unconscious thought processes and childhood experiences is called ___. 

Let’s analyze a supply and demand model of the market for gas-powered vehicles.  Initial conditions are such that the relationship between price and quantity demanded is given by the equation q0D = 200 – 5p. The relationship between price and quantity supplied is described by the equation q0S = 5p – 20. What is the equilibrium price of a gas-powered vehicle? $[p1]  How many vehicles are sold? [q1]  (We can think about this as perhaps being in thousands of dollars, but just input your calculated numbers in each of these blanks, don’t multiply your answers by 1000 or anything like that.)   The federal government offers a tax credit for electric vehicles, making them cheaper for consumers to purchase.  This will either shift the supply or demand of gas-powered vehicles inward.  Which curve is this? [c] (Either “supply” or “demand” here, without the quotes.)  If demand shifts inward, then the new demand equation is q1D = 160 – 5p, and if supply shifts inward, then the new supply equation is q1S = 5p – 60. Solve for the new equilibrium price of gas-powered vehicles: $[p2].  How many vehicles are sold now? [q2]   One curve does not shift here.  Calculate price elasticity along this curve between the two equilibrium points obtained.  That is, if q1* is the first equilibrium quantity sold and q2* is the second equilibrium quantity sold, then % change in quantity is  q2* – q1* divided by (q1* + q2*) / 2 times 100. Similarly, if p1* is the first equilibrium price and p2* is the second equilibrium price, then % change in price is p2* – p1* divided by (p1* + p2*) / 2 times 100. Divide % change in quantity by % change in price and report the elasticity here: [e].  Leave any negatives off (take the absolute value), and round your answer to two decimal places.  Are we looking at an elastic, inelastic, or unitary interval along our curve? [elastic]

A gadget-making firm is engaged in long-run production planning.  They must first decide whether to make a small investment (for a fixed cost of $20), or a large investment (for a fixed cost of $40).  After this decision, the firm decides how many gadgets to produce: 1, 2, or 3.  The total variable costs for a small investment firm are: $25 if one gadget is produced.  $60 if two are produced.  $85 if three are produced. The total variable costs for a large investment firm are: $0 if one gadget is produced.  $30 if two are produced.  $50 if three are produced. If the firm seeks to minimize average total costs here, should they make the small or large investment? [i]  (Type either “small” or “large” here, without the quotes.)  How many gadgets do they produce? [g]  At what average total cost? $[atc] per gadget.

When the price of good A increases, consumers decrease their demand for good A and increase their demand for good B.  This is referred to as a(n)…

When income increases and consumption of some good decreases, what type of good are we considering? 

The law of diminishing marginal utility means that as a person receives more of a good, the additional utility coming from each additional unit of the good ________ with greater consumption.