When one carbon dioxide binds to a hemoglobin,  this results in the hemoglobin having a lower affinity for oxygen.

The 2nd heart sound occurs when the semilunar valves are shut. 

Case Study: A 58-year-old male patient with a history of smoking and chronic cough presents to the clinic for a routine check-up. He reports increasing shortness of breath over the past year, especially with physical activity. Pulmonary function tests are performed, and the results show that he has a low Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second. What will you inform the patient?  

How many lobes comprise the right lung? Type your answer using a number only. 

Which of the following vessels drain into the coronary sinus? Mark all that apply. 

Match the steps of blood flow to put them in order.

Which of the following are true about the anatomy and position of the heart? Mark all that apply. 

Where are podocytes located?

Which special sense takes place in the nasal cavity?

The right atrium receives what type of blood and from what location(s) in the body?