Unlike defects in antibodies or T cell functions, defects in complement components often lead to autoimmune-like symptoms, rather than to increased susceptibility to infections. This is because

Individuals that lack all T cells have the most severe form of immunodeficiency (SCID) and will not survive past their first birthday without a bone marrow transplant from a healthy donor. These individuals fail to make antibody responses to the normal childhood vaccines because

Which of the following contribute to dendritic cells tolerance in mucosal immunity?

Salmonella crosses the mucus barrier (epithelium) to lumen by

When Shigella gains access to the intestinal epithelium, which of the following apply

 Herpes Simplex virus, causes recurrent cold sores in infected individuals. Which of the following explains the recurrent infections?

Pathogens are taken up using the following mechanisms EXCEPT:

Attachment of HIV is possibe by the interaction of the…………………….with CD4

In the absence of disease, large numbers of effector TH17 cells are abundant in the intestinal lamina propria. In a healthy individual, these TH17 cells

In addition to Peyer’s patches that resemble systemic lymph nodes, the intestinal epithelium also contains several thousand isolated lymphoid follicles. Unlike the organized secondary lymphoid tissues in the mucosal immune system, these lymphoid follicles: