Cofactors are non-protein molecules that are necessary for enzyme activity and function by alternating the spatial configuration of the enzyme to allow for proper binding of the substrate. 

The cofactor needed in the enzyme reactions for AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase)is

These disorders are associated with inborn errors of metabolism:

A decrease in this protein will result in an emphysema-like condition.

Order the steps of the endogenous pathway starting with VLDL in the liver.

The saturation level of fatty acids (saturated vs. unsaturated) is determined by:

Order the steps of hemoglobin and bicarbonate buffering system 

The highest levels of lacate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) are seen in what condition?

Romanticism in America:

Which was NOT true of Ralph Waldo Emerson: