Endogenous Theory, Pain-Spasm-Pain Theory and the Gate Control Theory all have blockage of the painful stimulus at the spinal cord level.

You patient states that they have not felt any effects from the modalities used during their previous 3 treatment sessions. It is accurate to tell your patient that they can expect to feel a difference around the 5th treatment. 

Brooke Host has been referred to physical therapy for ultrasound treatment to help reduce right hip pain. Brooke’s past medical history includes a fractured hip, on the right side that was stabilized with a plate and screws. She also has a medical history of diabetes and hypertension. Which element(s) of her past medical history would be contraindicated for ultrasound?

You are explaining to your client the sensations they will experience with the application of cryotherapy. What is the sequence of the sensations?

Although drugs delivered by phonophoresis are initially more concentrated at the delivery site, they are quickly distributed aroung the body by the vascular system.

The patient has a superficial wound measuring 12 cm x 1.5 cm on her left greater trochanter. She is a resident in the local nursing home. To facilitate wound healing you are instructed to perform ultrasound to the area. You are using a 3 cm2 sound head. What parameters would you select?

During recovery of a ruminant which is the  most concerning  complication to watch for?

You have successfully intubated several dogs while at your externship.  You have been asked to intubate a feline patient.  Which of these is going to be a new challenge for you due to the patient’s species?

You are delivering oxygen and anesthetic gases to your patient by squeezing the reservoir bag.  This is called_________

Your patient is prescribed Carprofen, an NSAID, as a post operative pain medication.  This medication works by inhibiting what what chemical synthesis in the body?