A 38-year-old male presents with a three-month history of low back pain and right leg pain that has failed to improve with non-operative modalities, including selective nerve root corticosteroid injections. Leg pain and paresthesias are localized to his buttock, lateral and posterior calf, and the dorsal aspect of his foot. On strength testing, he is graded a 4/5 for plantar-flexion and 4+/5 to ankle dorsiflexion. On flexion and extension radiographs there is no evidence of spondylolisthesis. Sagittal and axial T2-weighted MRI images reveal a large L5/S1 disc herniation. Which of the following treatment modalities will allow the greatest improvement of physical functioning?

What is the most common physical examination finding in a patient with chronic painful spondylolysis?

Finkelstein test is a maneuver to diagnose which of the following conditions?

A 10-year-old boy presents with left shoulder pain and deformity after a fall from his skateboard while attempting a half-pipe maneuver an hour ago. He heard a “cracking” sound and was unable to continue skateboarding. He has pain with movement of the arm in any direction. On exam, you note tenderness over the superior central shoulder with a palpable deformity and “tenting” of the skin. What is his most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following statements regarding sternal fracture is TRUE?

A 16-year-old female presents to the Emergency Department after injuring her knee in a soccer match earlier today. The injury occurred while suddenly decelerating and cutting to run in another direction. She heard a pop in the knee and complains the knee now gives out with any twisting motion. Which of the following tests is the most useful in eliciting the most likely diagnosis?

Interpret the synovial fluid results in the chart below:  

Which of the following statements about chest wall deformities is TRUE?

Which of the following statements best describes the final stage of fracture healing?

Interpret the synovial fluid results in the chart below: