Employees often work with managers to develop a(n) __________ that outlines the fundamental purposes of their organization.

One reason human resource management has grown is that the shift from traditional manufacturing industries to service and high-tech manufacturing industries requires workers to have highly technical job skills.

An advantage of centralized authority is that those individuals closest to the customers and more familiar with local conditions make decisions.

Dividing tasks into smaller jobs is called

According to McGregor, Theory X managers assume that employees dislike work, and will avoid it if possible.

During an afternoon coffee break, Evangeline, a production-line employee at Lilypad Linens, was told by a friend that one of the managers in finance is about to be fired. She is eager to learn if other friends at Lilypad know any more about the situation. This flow of information is an example of Lilypad’s:

While most organizations have a formal organization structure, only poorly managed firms also have an informal organization.

Free trade between nations generally results in

A decade ago Simon had planned to retire by the time he was sixty. But he’s now in his mid-60s and has decided to continue working. In fact, not only is Simon still working, he has no intention of retiring or setting a time when retirement might occur. Simon’s decision to keep working into his sixties is unusual in today’s labor market.

A __________ is an overall explanation of why an organization exists and where it is trying to head.