A buffer solution contains H2CO3 and HCO3–, resulting in the equilibrium shown by the reaction below. According to this reaction and Le Châtelier’s principle, what happens when acid (H3O+) is added to this buffer solution?          H2CO3 + H2O ⇋ HCO3– + H3O+

What is the pH of a solution with a [H3O+] of 7.9 × 10–11 mol/L?

On a standard 30 second epoch you observe a theta background, one spindle, two 100uV K-Complexes, a run of 100uV delta waves that take up 3 seconds of the epoch. What stage is this?

Stage N2 comprises approximately _______ of total sleep time, whereas REM comprises ________.

Stage N3 is defined as:

A slow wave must have the following criteria.

REM staging ends with:

Sleep spindles can be seen in Stages N2 and N3.

Spindles can exist during Stage N3.

Sleep spindles have a frequency of: