You are interested in understanding the gene regulation of Lkp1, a protein produced in liver and kidney cells in mice. Interestingly, you find that the LKP1 gene is not expressed in heart cells. You isolate the DNA upstream of the LKP1 gene, place it upstream of the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP), and insert this entire piece of recombinant DNA into mice. You find GFP expressed in liver and kidney cells but not in heart cells, an expression pattern similar to the normal expression of the LKP1 gene. Further experiments demonstrate that there are three regions in the promoter, labeled A, B, and C in the figure below, that contribute to this expression pattern. Assume that a single and unique transcription factor binds each site such that protein X binds site A, protein Y binds site B, and protein Z binds site C. You want to first determine which region is responsible for tissue-specific expression and then create mutations in the promoter to determine the function of each of these regions. In the figure, if the site is missing, it is mutated such that it cannot bind its corresponding transcription factor.   Which protein is likely to act as a gene repressor?

_________ quickly rejoins double-strand breaks, but “cleaning” of the ends results in deletion of a few base pairs. _________ uses a newly-made sister chromatid as a template for perfect double-strand break repair.

You have discovered an “Exo–” mutant form of DNA polymerase in which the 3′-to-5′ exonuclease function has been lost, but the ability to join nucleotides together is unchanged. Which of these properties do you expect the mutant polymerase to have?

Transcription in bacteria differs from transcription in a eukaryotic cell because in bacteria

If the sequence of one strand of a DNA segment is 5′-G C C A C G T A T C A G-3′, what is the sequence of its complementary strand?

Adenine and thymine form _____ hydrogen bonds between them, while cytosine and guanine form _____ hydrogen bonds.

The chromosomes we typically see in images are isolated from mitotic cells. These mitotic chromosomes are in the most highly condensed form. Interphase cells contain chromosomes that are less densely packed and

DNA polymerase has some functional constraints which greatly complicate the process of DNA replication. Which of these is NOT one of those limitations?

The most likely outcome of post-translational histone modifications or methylation of cytosines is

What do you predict would happen if you created a tRNA with an anticodon of 5′-CAA-3′, but which carries methionine, then added this modified tRNA to a cell-free translation system that has all the normal components required for translating RNAs?