Explain how aquaporins work, and why at the molecular level, the channel is specific for water, and it doesn’t allow the passage of bigger compound or ionic compounds like H3O+ 

Briefly describe how influenza infect the cell, how the current drugs work, antigenic drift and shift. 

Describe the fluid mosaic model and why a  flip flop movement of integral proteins is not possible

Explain the difference between a) non mediate transport; b) passive transport; c) active transport. To describe the thermodynamic aspect of this process, use the picture below.

Glycolipids are characterized by containing the following non-lipid component: (5 extra)

How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity? (5 extra)

Human Milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are currently synthetic targets for their antimicrobial proprieties. Below is one example of an HMO (Gal=Galactose, GalNAc=N-Acetyl Galactosamine, Glc=Glucose). Pay attention to the trisaccharide in the box, and choose the correct drawing of it,  knowing that Galactose is epimer of Glucose at C-4 and N-Acetyl Galactosamine has a NHCOCH3 at C-2 instead than OH.  

Solve the inequality. Write your answer in interval notation. -1 ≤ y – 2 <

Solve the inequality. Write your answer in interval notation. -10 < x + 6 ≤ 1

Graph the solution set to the inequality. -3 ≤ 2x – 7 < 3