Before a stop can occur:

“Under the ____________ doctrine, the item seized is limited to what is in the officer’s sight. By contrast, items known or observed through the use of the officer’s other senses(smell, hearing, touching, and tasting) fall under the _____________ doctrine.”

“To be valid, consent must be voluntary and intelligent, based on ______________.”

“In United States v. Chadwick, the Court held that a warrantless search of a movable container found in a motor vehicle is invalid in the absence of ______________.”

“_______________ officials acting in their official capacity, may not be sued under Section 1983 in state court.”

“To arrest a suspect in another person’s home, the police need to obtain a search warrant to enter the house legally, except:”

Probable Cause is defined as:

“A ____________is a written order, issued by a magistrate and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for any property or thing and to seize the same and bring it before such magistrate or commanding him to search for and photograph a child and to deliver to the magistrate any of the film exposed pursuant to the order.”

“Consent obtained by deception through a claim of lawful authority, which did not in fact exist, is ________________.”

A ____________ is a limited patting of the outer surfaces of a person’s clothing in an attempt to find weapons.