Although the types of promotion may vary from a highly personalized sales presentation to such nonpersonal promotions as television advertising and dollar-off coupons, each goes through every stage in the communications process.

Interactive advertising creates dialogue between marketers and individual shoppers, providing more materials at the user’s request.

An automated teller machine (ATM) is an example of a convenience service.

When the list price of a product is discounted by the value of a used product that is turned in at the time of sale, the transaction is called a sale with a trade-in.

General merchandise retailers distinguish themselves from specialty and limited-line retailers by the large number of product lines they carry.

Setting prices is a one-time decision for most products in most companies.

Most price structures are built around list prices.

A rise in perceived quality or public opinion about a brand enhances the brand’s esteem.

Brand names should contain words or phrases in general use, so that it is easier for the consumers to pronounce, recognize and remember the brand names.

If advertisements are used for installations, they emphasize the company’s reputation and direct potential buyers to contact local sales representatives.