A male fetus is demonstrated to have bilateral hydronephrosis with hydroureter, dilated bladder, and dilated urethra. What is the likely cause of these findings?

With tracheoesophageal atresia, the fetal stomach may be absent or small. There will be evidence of oligohydramnios, and associated anomalies including IUGR and trisomies 18 and 21.

Omphalocele has higher risk for heart defects and chromosomal anomalies than gastroschisis.

How is the level of echogenicity of bowel determined?

A fetal sonogram demonstrates a normal left kidney but the right has a severely dilated renal pelvis and dilated proximal ureter, the rest of the urinary system is normal. What is the most likely cause?

_______________is characterized by a lower abdominal wall defect, an omphalocele, the bladder outside of the abdomen, imperforate anus and spina bifida

What is a secondary method for detecting absence of fetal kidneys?

A male fetus presents with a large fluid collection in the scrotum. What is the term used to describe this finding?

What is the cause of hypospadias?

Choledochal cysts often occur in neonates and the most common of these is cystic dilatation of the common bile duct.