(5 points) Using the space provided, describe how the muscle Ca 2+ ATPase pumps Ca 2+ ions from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Explain E1 and E2 conformational changes.  

(3 points) Which of the following transporters is an antiporter that mediates the active transport of the red circle solutes? The concentration of both solutes (shown as small circles and squares) is higher outside of the cell.

(3 points) Integral membrane proteins with transmembrane domains …

(3 points) Which statement describes the mode of action of the ABCB1 transporter (the first eukaryotic ABC transporter to be recognized)?

(3 points) The bacteriorhodopsin found in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum is …

(3 points) Organisms that live in cold climates adapt to low temperatures by:

(3 points) The major ATP-powered pump responsible for maintaining ion gradients across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells is:

(3 points) Which of the following conditions results in the fastest FRAP?

(3 points) Which of the following statements about a plot of V0 vs. [S] for transport that follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics is false?   

(3 points) Sphingolipids (such as Sphingomyelin) differ from glycerolipids (such as phophatidylserine)