You are a neurologist doing a routine neurological exam on one stroke patient. The individual lacks the ability to produce intelligible speech BUT retains complete comprehension of what a word means. What area(s) is most likely damaged?

The vestibulo-ocualr reflex (VOR) pathway is complex and controls numerous eye muscles. What is the CORRECT pathway for control of the LATERAL rectus muscles (the 1st synapse is written to the right)?   I. Neuron synapse in the abducens nucleus II. Neuron synapse in medial vestibular nucleus III. Neurons synapse in the ocular motor nucleus IV. Synapse on lateral rectus muscle

The TRPV1 channel is activated by (select all that apply)

How do outer hair cells function?

BONUS question worth 1 point.  Points will be added after the exam closes. A patient suffers a lesion at the LEFT OPTIC NERVE. What is expected to occur to their vision?  Be sure to consider the part of the VISUAL FIELD that is affected.

Turning on light in the center of the visual field would lead to which of the following? (select all that apply)

For the following questions use this figure of the spinal cord where the left/right sides and dorsal/ventral aspects are separated into four quadrants: A-D.  (A and B are DORSAL and A and C are on the RIGHT side of the body) As a neurologist, you see a patient who was hit by a car and has lost PAIN/TEMPERATURE sensation from the LEFT side of the body AT and BELOW the level of the injury.  Which spinal quadrant do you believe has been damaged?

If D1 MSNs are activated… (select all that apply)

Vestibular hair cells share which of the following structures in common with auditory hair cells? (select all that apply)

In the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway, the 1sy synapse for  DRG neurons carrying touch from the knee would be in the  (do not consider synapses for reflexes)