________ contain a nucleus composed of genetic material surrounded by a membrane.   A. Prokaryotes B. Prokaryotes and archaea C. Eukaryotes D. Eukaryotes and archaea

Bacterial cells use ________ to transfer DNA from one cell to another via conjugation.   A. fimbriae B. pili C. flagella D. cilia

Sometimes prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a gelatinous, sticky substance. What is this structure called?   A. glycocalyx B. slime C. cell wall D. filament

Cells use ________ to transfer DNA from one cell to another via conjugation. A. fimbriae B. Pili C. Celia D. Flagella

What is the difference between spores and endospores? A. Endospores are formed inside the nucleus; spores are formed in the cytoplasm. B. Endospores are formed by eukaryotes; spores are formed by prokaryotes. C .Spores are reproductive structures; endospores are stable resting structures. D. There is no difference between spores and endospores.

Viruses can cultured on artificial medium

Where can lipopolysaccharide be found?   A. in the flagella of bacterial cells B. in the peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacterial cells C. in the outer membrane of Gram-positive bacterial cells D. in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacterial cells

The invention of which instrument was most critical to the field of microbiology?   A. Transfer loop B. Petri dish C. Microscope D. Centrifuge

Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme in human tears that degrades peptidoglycan. Which type of organism would be MOST sensitive to lysozyme?   A. Archaeon  B. Alga C. Gram-negative bacterium D. Gram-positive bacterium

The process of heating food, usually liquid, just enough to kill microbes without changing the food’s basic qualities is termed ________.   A. Fermentation B. Pasteurization C. Respiration D. Transformation