Determine the bar-spacing factor, cb, for a simply supported rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and No. 3 stirrups. This beam has three No. 7 bars as longitudinal reinforcement. The clear cover is 1.9 in.

Use ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2 to determine the development length for the straight tension bars (no hooks) in a rectangular beam with b = 18 in. and d = 24 in., five galvanized No. 9 Grade 60 bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 60 stirrups located every 6 in. along the span. Assume 5,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.

Bond stresses must be absent whenever the stress or force in a reinforcing bar changes from point to point along the length of the bar.

Which type of reinforcement is frequently used in bridge decks?

ACI Code Section 9.7.3.3 arbitrarily requires longitudinal tension bars be extended a minimum distance equal to the greater of d or 12 bar diameters past the theoretical cutoff point for flexure.

Determine the epoxy modification factor, ψe, for a rectangular beam with b = 18 in. and d = 22 in., three epoxy-coated No. 9 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 60 stirrups located every 6 in. along the span. Assume 8,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

The primary purpose for the continuity and structural integrity reinforcement requirements is to tie the structural elements together and prevent localized damage from spreading.

Determine the size modification factor, ψs, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 21 in., three galvanized No. 8 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the bottom of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 6 in. along the span. Assume 8,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

In welded-wire reinforcement, deformed-wire reinforcement derives anchorage from bond stresses along the _______ wires and from mechanical anchorage from the _______ wires.

Use ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2 to determine the development length for the straight tension bars (no hooks) in a rectangular beam with b = 18 in. and d = 24 in., five galvanized No. 9 Grade 60 bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 60 stirrups located every 6 in. along the span. Assume 5,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.