Respondent (CR) or reflexive (UR) behavior is _____ in the sense that the behavior is drawn out (or made to occur) by the presentation of a stimulus (CS or US).

The term “Inflammaging” is usually characterized by

Behavior that operates on the environment to produce a change, effect or consequence.

Benefits of a land treadmill are greatest when going up- or downhill.

Position for bladder expression may vary patient to patient. For instance, the bladder can usually be expressed when a patient is in [answer1] recumbency, or when it is [answer2].

This is a branch of behavior analysis that uses behavior principles to solve practical problems.

Endocrinosenesence is characterized by

A veterinarian can use acupuncture to treat birds, dolphins, and elephants.

To prevent formation of decubital ulcers, a recumbent patient should be turned from side to side every [answer1] hours.

For learned helplessness, pre-exposure to escape ______ the helplessness brought on by ______ aversive stimulation: