The upper respiratory tract extends    

hypoventilation                   blueness of skin due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of blood  apnea                                             dyspnea when not standing or sitting erect       hyperventilation          hypertrophy, potential failure of right side of heart; obstruction of pulmonary circulation eupnea                                deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue   respiratory arrest                            permanent cessation of breathing (unless medical intervention)  hypoxia                                                         reduced pulmonary ventilation tachypena                                   increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of  metabolic demand dyspnea                                                               temporary cessation of breathing   orthopnea                                                    collapse of part or all of a lung Kussmaul respiration                                  relaxed quiet breathing   cor pulmonale                 labored, gasping breathing; shortness of breath cyanosis                  abnormal collection of air in the pleural space, causes lung to collapse  atelectasis                                                accelerated respiration pneumothorax                                            rapid breathing induced by acidosis; seen in diabetes mellitus

List the two organ systems that collaborate to deliver oxygen to the tissues throughout the body and to transport carbon dioxide to for elimination:   [a]      [b]   

ATP synthesis drives our need to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. List the chemical equation of cellular respiration (glucose catabolism):

List the three factors that could create resistance to airflow:                 [a]                  [b]                 [c] 

List the two major COPDs:  [a]      [b]     

List two factors that contribute to COPDs:              [a]                [b]  

Complete the phrases by filling in the blanks with the words listed below: blood  , systemic tissues,  lungs,  heart  1. External respiration is the exchange of gases between [a]   and [b]      2. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between [c]   and [d]

1.  The corrective homeostatic response to alkalosis  is  [a] 2. Explain your response  [b] 3. Which direction   left or right would the carbonic acid reaction shift?   [c]  

spirometry                                                      stimulate bronchodilation, increases airflow tidal volume                                                    blood pH lower than 7.35  anatomical dead space                                 narrow or blocked airway vital capacity                             amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet respiration restrictive disorders                                     conducting division; air that does not exchange with the blood minute respiratory volume                           stimulates bronchoconstriction, decreases airflow epinephrine                                                  blood pH higher than 7.45    obstructive disorders                                   maximum ability to ventilate the lungs in one breath pulmonary compliance                                 amount of air inhaled per minute pulmonary surfactant                                    reduce pulmonary compliance acidosis                                                        the measurement of pulmonary function histamine                                                    ease at which lungs expand   alkalosis                                                        prevents alveolar collapse during exhalation