When Terrence was in middle school, he was somewhat overweight and was one of the shorter kids in his class. In high school though, he hit a huge growth spurt and lost a significant amount of weight. Terrence is in his freshman year of college. When remembers himself in middle school now, he pictures himself as being both taller and thinner than he really was at the time. This is an example of what memory issue?

The autophagy pathway is a strategy to clear away damage organelles. In aging, there appears to be diminished autophagy, which may underly the loss of muscle strength. Design a strategy to alter autophagy in aging muscle as a potential therapeutic strategy. Is there a risk of making muscle have too much autophagy? Why or why not?

You are at a trivia night with your friends Jay and Jessi. You know them both well, but they’ve never met each other before tonight and don’t know anything about each other. You know that Jay isn’t a particularly good student overall, but he absolutely loves Presidential history and knows tons about former US Presidents. One of the trivia categories just happens to be on Presidential history and Jay answers every question correctly. Jessi comments that Jay must be very smart and have an encyclopedic memory of all aspects of history. What error did Jessi make?

Chloe is a neurologist meeting a new patient who recently had a stroke. Chloe asks, “What brings you here to me today?” The patient responds, “They’re diving at the moment, but they’ll save in water with him with luck for him.” Throughout the rest of the interview the patient doesn’t seem to really understand what’s being asked of him and responds with sentences that are grammatically correct, but seem to lack all meaning. Based on the information above, the most likely site of the patient’s brain damage is indicated by the number ______ in the image below.

Explain how spondylolysis is different from spondylolisthesis. What is meant by an ‘incomplete’ versus ‘complete’ disc herniation?

Which of the following psychological disorders is MUCH more common in males than in females?

Skeletal muscle contains many different proteins that have multiple isoforms, and these isoforms alter contractile properties, tuning muscle to be “fast” or “slow”. For this question, please address whether you believe there are distinct fiber types, or a continuum of fiber properties. Justify your answer with examples of muscle proteins.

Jacqueline is a school principal. She would like to decrease the number of times that her students break the rules. She knows that students don’t like staying after school. As such, every time a student breaks a school rule, she gives them a detention where they stay for an extra 30 minutes after school and do additional work. She finds that after instituting this policy, students become much less likely to break rules. In this example, Jacqueline has used _________ to alter her students’ behavior.

Which of the following would Patient H.M. have been LEAST likely to be able to do after his surgery?

Janice is a neurologist. Her newest patient recently suffered damage to one specific part of his brain in an accident. The patient reported being completely normal prior to the accident. But now, after the accident, he indicates that he can no longer see objects moving in the world. Instead, he says that the world looks like a series of still images presented one after another. Janice has the patient complete a huge number of perceptual tests. She also does several scans of his brain to finely delineate the area of the brain that had been damaged. What type of study has Janice conducted?