What triggers the release of cytokines, which signal the hypothalamus of the brain to raise the body’s baseline temperature from 37°C to a higher temperature?

Which of the following describes the classical pathway of complement activation?

Molecular second-line defenses include cytokines, iron-binding proteins, and complement proteins.

A patient antibody titer which shows an increasing level of IgM but very little IgG would likely indicate that

Each antibody molecule consists of

Which enzyme is used to generate compatible sticky ends in order to join a desired gene to a plasmid vector in recombinant DNA techniques?

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Isotype switching occurs when

Complement activation has three different outcomes but which outcome occurs depends on which complement pathway is activated.

Recombinant DNA technologies are most often used for