​Most of the correctional sentences carried out in the U.S. happen at the state and local level.

​The       was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole.

​The right of habeas corpus for alleged terrorist detainees has been an important issue since 9/11.

​The belief that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain inflicted is called:

​The right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment is found in which Amendment?

​The _________________ refers to an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation.

The least frequently used criminal sanction in the United States is: ​

According to the authors,         is the most visible penalty imposed by the American criminal justice system.​

​During the early 1960s, the U.S. Supreme Court decided to require state governments to        most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights:

​The       was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth.