(The following provides the context for both question 2 and question 3) A company has software for a public-key encryption scheme that is known to be IND-CCA secure under some reasonable assumptions. But the message space for this scheme is only the set of messages up to 1 MB long. At some point they needed to encrypt messages of length more than 1MB but less than 2MB. So they decide to use the existing software to build an encryption scheme in the following way. To encrypt a message , break it into equal parts (for simplicity, let’s assume that all messages have even length) and let a ciphertext be computed as

perio (1).png A 41 year old, diabetic female patient, Ms Bareng Lechesa, from Brits, who smokes a daily ‘joint’ of marijuana to combat emotional stress, consults at your surgery with the main complaint: “my gums bleed whenever I eat.” Two years previously she was treated for gum disease by one of the final year BDS students at Sefako Makgatho University’s Oral Health Centre. Medical history: The patient has had no previous illnesses and operations. List of current medication(s): Metformin 500mg and multivitamin supplements. Allergies: None Habits: The patient neither consumes alcohol nor smoke cigarettes. Extra-oral examination (including “JACCOL”) yielded no significant findings. Intra-oral soft tissues (except the gingivae), appeared normal. Details of the periodontal examination are reflected on the hard copy of the patient’s charting record provided to you. Radiographic examination: a panoramic taken on the day of this consultation revealed widespread areas of alveolar bone loss on both the upper and lower jaws. The periapical radiograph shown on the slide above depicts the patient’s worst affected site in terms of alveolar bone loss. At this site, the distance from the apex of the teeth to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) is 21mm, whilst the amount of the alveolar bone present is 11mm at the same site. NB: Please, utilize the radiograph depicted above and the hard copy of the patient’s dental chart provided to you to determine the following parameters: What is the rate of progression of this patient’s periodontal condition?

A collection of micro-organisms that is attached to a solid surface and embedded in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix is termed:

The epithelium covering the ‘col’ area of the gingiva is susceptible to the effects of plaque accumulation because this area is:

The following triad provides one example for each of the different drug groups (or medications) that can trigger the development and progression of gingival overgrowth

perio (1).png A 41 year old, diabetic female patient, Ms Bareng Lechesa, from Brits, who smokes a daily ‘joint’ of marijuana to combat emotional stress, consults at your surgery with the main complaint: “my gums bleed whenever I eat.” Two years previously she was treated for gum disease by one of the final year BDS students at Sefako Makgatho University’s Oral Health Centre. Medical history: The patient has had no previous illnesses and operations. List of current medication(s): Metformin 500mg and multivitamin supplements. Allergies: None Habits: The patient neither consumes alcohol nor smoke cigarettes. Extra-oral examination (including “JACCOL”) yielded no significant findings. Intra-oral soft tissues (except the gingivae, appeared normal. Details of the periodontal examination are reflected on the hard copy of the patient’s charting record provided to you. Radiographic examination: a panoramic taken on the day of this consultation revealed widespread areas of alveolar bone loss on both the upper and lower jaws. The periapical radiograph shown on the slide above depicts the patient’s worst affected site in terms of alveolar bone loss. At this site, the distance from the apex of the teeth to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) is 21mm, whilst the amount of the alveolar bone present is 11mm at the same site. NB: Please, utilize the radiograph depicted above and the hard copy of the patient’s dental chart provided to you to determine the following: The grade of the periodontal condition above is:

The direction of the migration of the gingival margin in the periodontal pathology depicted in the slide in question 3 is:

furc2.pngIn the horizontal classification of furcation lesions, the periodontal pathology depicted by the arrow in the slide above is classified as Class II furcation lesion if there is more than 3mm of horizontal ……………… (fill in)

Nabers.png What is the purpose of the instrument that is depicted in the slide above?

perio (1).png A 41 year old, diabetic female patient, Ms Bareng Lechesa, from Brits, who smokes a daily ‘joint’ of marijuana to combat emotional stress, consults at your surgery with the main complaint: “my gums bleed whenever I eat.” Two years previously she was treated for gum disease by one of the final year BDS students at Sefako Makgatho University’s Oral Health Centre. Medical history: The patient has had no previous illnesses and operations. List of current medication(s): Metformin 500mg and multivitamin supplements. Allergies: None Habits: The patient neither consumes alcohol nor smoke cigarettes. Extra-oral examination (including “JACCOL”) yielded no significant findings. Intra-oral soft tissues (except the gingivae, appeared normal. Details of the periodontal examination are reflected on the hard copy of the patient’s charting record provided to you. Radiographic examination: a panoramic taken on the day of this consultation revealed widespread areas of alveolar bone loss on both the upper and lower jaws. The periapical radiograph shown on the slide above depicts the patient’s worst affected site in terms of alveolar bone loss. At this site, the distance from the apex of the teeth to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) is 21mm, whilst the amount of the alveolar bone present is 11mm at the same site. NB: Please, utilize the radiograph depicted above and the hard copy of the patient’s dental chart provided to you to determine the following: The periodontal condition of the above-mentioned patient is: