Page 6: 26. Condyloid joints are synovial joints capable of [26] 27. A bundle of dense connective tissue that joints bone to bone and is found outside the articular capsule is [27] 28. A fluid filled sac, similar to a synovial capsule, associated with a joint that reduces friction is a(n) [28] 29. Hyperextending the neck results in your [29] 30. The connective tissue surrounding an individual muscle fiber is [30]

Free Response 1: Describe the signaling cascade that occurs in a rod cell in both darkness and light. Start your description at the point the photon hits or does not hit a retinal molecule and finish with the excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell

Page 7: 31. The area of the retina that lacks photoreceptors is referred to as the [31] 32. black and white vision is detected by [32] 33. The first step in visual transduction [33] 34. CN II is made up of axons of [34] 35. What visual information is processed in the right occipital lobe? [35]

Free Response 3: Describe all possible paths sympathetic preganglionic neurons can take to reach their post-synaptic cell, and all possible paths post ganglionic neurons can take to their effector cells. 

Free Reponses 4: PICK ONE of the following free response questions to answer for a maximum of 5 points: Option a – Detail the function of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Assume the function of said GPCR is to open an ion channel (indirectly covered in Chapter 17) Option b – Describe how a photon causes excitation of a bipolar cell

Free Response 2: PICK ONE of the following free response questions to answer for a maximum of 5 points: Option a – Describe the CONTRACTION CYCLE. Only portions of your answer relating to the contraction cycle will count for bonus points. Hopefully at this point you know what the contraction cycle refers to (Chapter 10). Option b – Describe growth in length of bone at the epiphyseal plate in terms of the separate histological zones and what they do (Chapter 6) Option c – Detail the steps of endochondral ossification (Chapter 6)

Page 16: 76. A preganglionic autonomic motor neuron [76] 77. The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division exit the CNS at [77] 78. Which is a sympathetic effect? [78] 79. Which is a sympathetic effect? [79] 80. Which of the following is a parasympathetic effect? [80]

Page 5: 21. Which is not a function associated with the skin? [21] 22. Thick skin is found [22] 23. The dermis is composed of [23] 24. Which of the following is not a sensory receptor of the skin? [24] 25. The layer of adipose and areolar connective tissue deep to the dermis is called the [25]

Page 12:  56. A collection of axons outside the central nervous system is called a [56] 57. A collection of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a [57] 58. Why do neurons maintain a resting potential of -70mV? [58] 59. The structure formed by the plasma membrane of a Schwann cell wrapped multiple times around an axon that aids in saltatory conduction is a(n) [59] 60. Neurons that innervate voluntary effectors would be classified as [60]

Page 17: 81. What is the function of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla? [81] 82. The neurotransmitter released at the effector tissue by the parasympathetic nervous system is [82] 83. Secretion of saliva is a [83] 84. Odorants are detected by what structure? [84] 85. Gustatory signals are transduced by the [85]