When and why should pre-weaning vaccinations be administered to calves to optimize their immune response?

Which type of vaccine generally produces a higher level of immunity but may have a degree of risk when given to pregnant or highly stressed cattle?

How often should bulls be vaccinated for IBR, BVD, PI-3, BRSV, and leptospirosis, and what is the rationale behind this frequency?

Which vaccines are recommended for pre-breeding vaccination in beef cows and heifers, and what is the rationale behind the timing of these vaccinations?

Monoclonal antibodies have distinct characteristics and uses. What is the primary advantage of using monoclonal antibodies over polyclonal antibodies in veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics?

What is the recommended time for calves to receive a second vaccination against IBR, BVD, PI-3, and BRSV, and why?

Which of the following diseases included in the 7-way clostridial vaccine could cause sudden death in calves and is associated with liver flukes?

Why might some veterinarians prefer to use injectable rotavirus/coronavirus/E. coli vaccines in the dam prior to calving rather than oral vaccines in newborn calves?

Group one drugs are those with no allowable extra label use in food animals.

For broodmares previously vaccinated against tetanus, what is the appropriate time frame for administering the annual booster?