The doctors who carried out the Tuskegee Study __________.

The spark that set off the 1943 race riot in Detroit was an incident at a __________.

__________ was known by the nickname “Lady Day.”

Herbert Hoover believed that __________.

The __________ style transformed white American culture in the 1930s.

The Tuskegee Study was carried out by __________.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. Almost all effective interpersonal communication requires some degree of self-disclosure. The very process of making friends involves learning more about each other. In the broadest sense, self-disclosure means sharing biographical data, personal ideas, and feelings. Statements such as “I was 5′ 6″ in seventh grade” reveal biographical information—facts about you as an individual. Statements such as “I don’t think prisons ever really rehabilitate criminals” disclose personal ideas and reveal what and how you think. Statements such as “I get scared when I have to make a speech” disclose feelings. Biographical disclosures are easiest to make, for they are, in a manner of speaking, a matter of public record. It is statements about personal ideas and feelings that most people think of as self-disclosure.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. The Affordable Care Act of 2010 enabled more than 20 million previously uninsured Americans to gain access to healthcare. Yet costs have continued to rise—making healthcare unaffordable for many everyday people. So how can our country control costs while providing healthcare for all? A single-payer system would allow the government to negotiate prices and use tax revenues to pay for universal coverage. Virtually every other industrialized country uses a single-payer system—providing better care at less than half the cost. And in comparison with private, for-profit insurance companies, our own single-payer system, Medicare, provides greater access with much lower administrative costs. In fact, the Kaiser Family Foundation has found that Medicare spends less per person on care and controls spending more effectively than private insurers. So instead of subsidizing insurance companies, why don’t we skip the “middlemen” and spend our money directly on healthcare for all Americans?

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. Words have two kinds of meanings—denotative and connotative. Denotative meaning is precise, literal, and objective. It simply describes the object, person, place, idea, or event to which the word refers. One way to think of a word’s denotative meaning is as its dictionary definition. For example, denotatively, the noun school means “a place, institution, or building where instruction is given.” Connotative meaning is more variable, figurative, and subjective. Put simply, the connotative meaning is what the word suggests or implies. For instance, the connotative meaning of the word school includes the feelings, associations, and emotions that the word touches off in different people. For some people, school might connote personal growth, childhood friends, and a special teacher. For others, it might connote frustration, discipline, and boring homework assignments.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. An airplane is supported in flight by air passing across its wings. Air traveling over the wings moves farther and faster than air traveling under the wings. As a result, the air pressure is lower above the wings, and the wings experience an upward lift force. This lift force decreases at low airspeeds, so most commercial jet airplanes must alter the shapes of their wings during takeoffs and landings.