In regard to officer–prisoner violence, the “_____________” refers to unauthorized use of violence by officers against inmates.​

In ___________________, the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was itself not unconstitutional, but the way it was administrated constituted cruel and unusual punishment.​

​A person who has committed a sexual act prohibited by law is known as a:

According to the authors, race is very controversial to the extent that it has been recognized as having both political and biological implications.​

The fact that African Americans and Latinos are subjected to the criminal justice system at considerably higher rates than other ethnic and racial groups is:​

No one can dispute the            impact of the prison system’s growth on young men of color.​

The argument that African Americans are more criminal than whites by nature:​

Which president signed the Fair Sentencing Act eliminating the mandatory minimum sentence for simple possession of crack and powder cocaine?​

​Classification systems apply a set of subjective criteria to all inmates in order to arrive at an appropriate classification.

Line personnel are not concerned with furthering the institutional goals of a prison.​