You are performing an ultrasound on a patient with known horseshoe kidneys. Where is the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney located?

During a renal sonogram, you notice a 1.5 cm thickening of the left lateral renal cortex. This most likely represents:

Central cystic area that is either partially or entirely beyond the confines of the kidney is called:

What is the sonographic appearance of the cortex?

The adrenal medulla in the neonate appears as a(n):

The area surrounding the renal pyramids is called:

Put the following normal renal structures in order from greatest to least echogenicity.

The inferior pole of the kidneys lie:

The measured abnormality is located on the:

What structure rests on the superior pole of each kidney?