1. _______________ is a calcium carbonate structure in the head of bony fishes that serves in balance or hearing.

Briefly describe the different types of photophores found in bony fishes? What do they have in common and how are they distinctive?

 What is the difference between a life cycle and a life history strategy?

                                     describes a fish that spends its adult life in freshwater but migrates to the ocean to spawn.

Briefly argue for or against the following claim: “The Captives critiques the institution of Roman slavery.” In your answer, provide two examples from the play that support your argument.

Compare and contrast blood circulation (from the heart to the gills, to the body, and back to the heart) between typical bony fishes and a tuna. Be sure to detail the structures that make circulation unique in tunas, as well as the implications of heterothermy for their ecology.

Several different fish organ systems contain a rete mirabile. Briefly describe what a rete mirabile is as well as a system in fishes that employs one. 

Tunas have been described as the perfect swimming machines. Briefly describe five characters of tunas that justify this designation.

According to Cicero, the political conflicts surrounding the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus “divided one people into two factions” (On the Republic, 1.19). These two factions are the optimates and populares. To whose authority did the optimates appeal for support?

Testosterone binds to its receptor and affects gene expression in the nucleus. Which of the following would best describe testosterone?