Inadvertent intravascular administration of a large dose of an amide local anaesthetic can result in:                                                                                                                                 1.       Gastritis2.       Hepatic damage3.       Weight loss4.       Renal failure5.       Seizures 

The following statement is true concerning viral resistance to HIV protease inhibitors:                                                                                                                                                                         1.        High-level resistance occurs to the reverse transcriptase enzyme.2.        It occurs as an accumulation of stepwise mutations of the protease gene.3.        It occurs to prevent allosteric inhibition of the reverse transcriptase enzyme.4.        Resistance occurs as four specific substitutions of the integrase gene.5.        A single-point mutation occurs within the integrase gene. 

Describe the mechanism of action of bedaquiline                                                                    

Regarding imipenem:                                                                                                              1.       Must be combined with cilastatin2.       Is used in treating meningitis3.       Is bactericidal4.       Has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity5.       Stable to renal inactivation 

The adverse effects of methylprednisolone are as follows:                                              1.        Hypertension 2.        Weight gain3.        Infusion-related reactions 4.        Hyperglycemia5.        Hypotension 

Step 1 management of mild pain includes the following:                                                    1.        Amitriptyline2.        Morphine3.        Tramadol4.        Ketamine5.        Ibuprofen 

The following drugs may be used in the treatment of paracetamol overdose:               1.        Acetylcysteine2.        Methionine3.        Carbocisteine4.        Tramadol5.        Metformin      

The following is the mechanism of resistance to amphotericin B:                                   1.       Mutations in the gene encoding α- sterol demethylase enzyme                                                                                                                                             2.       Impaired ergosterol binding 3.       Accumulation of stepwise mutations of the protease gene                                                   4.       Altered fungal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase.                                                                                5.       Multiple-layered thick cell wall, which may limit drug entry  

State three clinical conditions that require the use of prophylactic antimicrobials. 

Describe the mechanism of action of cycloguanil