12. The chemical Cyanide is toxic because it binds with molecules involved in ATP production and inhibits their activity.  Based on this, following exposure to cyanide where would you expect to find cyanide concentrated in a cell?

50. If an organism is only capable of undergoing fermentation, what is the maximum number of ATP it can produce per run of fermentation (ie. glycolysis)?

35. Which of the following best depicts an interaction between enzymes and substrates (reactants)? (E = Enzyme, S = Substrate, ES = Enzyme-Substrate Complex, P = Products)

59. The reactions of the Calvin Cycle of Photosynthesis are shown below. Where do these reactions occur?     

55. Most of the atmospheric O2 on the planet today is a result of photosynthesis. Oxygen is released when which of the following molecules is oxidized during the light reactions of photosynthesis?        

23. The solutions in the arms of a U-tube below are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but NOT to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) (Total 0.9M), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride (Total 1.2M). Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. If you examine side “B” after 3 days, you should find what changed?     

21. The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.5M. For a plant to have its needed turgidity (swelling) it would be necessary for the plant to be suspended in which of the following solute concentrations? (Hint- consider which direction water will move!)

48. Hydrogen cyanide is a nasty toxin and has been used for chemical warfare.  Once inside the human body, cyanide reacts with hemoglobin and prevents oxygen from binding to hemoglobin.  When this happens, oxygen levels lower, and which of the following cellular processes that relies on oxygen will be inhibited? 

35. Which of the following best depicts an interaction between enzymes and substrates (reactants)? (E = Enzyme, S = Substrate, ES = Enzyme-Substrate Complex, P = Products)

56. The diagram below represents the Light Reactions of Photosynthesis (the “photo” part). Which of the following is NOT required to run the 2 Electron Transport Chains shown below?