Which of the following may also be referred to as a renal hamartoma?  

In the differentiation of renal mass, which of the following would be the most helpful sonographic feature of emphysematous pyelonephritis?  

A 32-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for a renal sonogram with suspected acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following would NOT be a typical sonographic finding consistent with the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis? 

Which of the following would most likely NOT sonographically appear as small, echogenic kidneys? 

Which of the following would be the most likely sequela of acute pyelonephritis?  

A 31-year-old female patient presents to the ultrasound department for a renal sonogram. She is suffering from pyuria, dysuria, and leukocytosis. Which of the following would be most likely? 

Acute pyelonephritis is most often the result of:  

A 42-year-old febrile female patient complains of sudden severe right flank pain.  During your interview she is restless and seems unable to find a position of comfort.  Her vital signs are stable and she has tenderness over her right flank.  You perform a bedside ultrasound and find the following:  

An adult woman presented with an echogenic structure was noted on her kidney. The abnormality is most probably?  

A 41-year-old male had bilateral flank pain extending into the right upper quadrant. Laboratory results showed hematuria and proteinuria. The man had been treated for hypertension for 4 years. What are your ultrasound findings?