Many of the cognitive changes thought to influence religious development—such as adolescents’ increased ability to think more abstractly, idealistically, and logically—involve: 

Unlike children, adolescents can engage in a type of problem solving termed _____, which involves creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications, steps that provide ways to test the hypothesis.

Brian, 10 months old, is brought into the emergency room by his parents. Brian had become unconscious after his father shook him for several minutes in a fit of anger and frustration at his constant crying. The doctor examines Brian and concludes that in view of the swelling and hemorrhaging of his brain, it is likely that Brian has:

Cardiovascular disease is common in children.

Suzie, 3, has to eat everything on her plate at dinner or her father punishes her by sending her to bed without dinner the next day. Suzie also has strict schedules for playing, television, and studying, and any disobedience leads to spanking and punishments. Suzie’s father is most likely a(n):

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, enacted in 1975, required that:

 Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development:

Lev Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through self-discovery.

A researcher is interested in the effect of exercise on stamina in elderly patients. The patients are randomly assigned to be in a high-exercise or low-exercise training program for eight weeks. At the end of the program, their stamina is measured by seeing how long they can walk comfortably on a treadmill. In this study, the dependent variable is:

A teratogen is any agent that can cause