When given a list of items to remember, people tend to do better at recalling the last items on the list. This is known as the __________.

People with Alzheimer’s disease typically have a memory problem known as __________ amnesia.

Each of the 10 children born to Bodhi and Birdie Orangeburg has been born with red hair. Each child is also very intelligent and athletic. The Orangeburgs are expecting an 11th child, who is also likely to be born with the same traits according to __________, as evidenced in the __________.

The __________ appears to be responsible for the storage of new long-term memories. If it is removed, the ability to store anything new is completely lost.

For every five times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This BEST illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park. One day when you arrive at the park, you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven’t seen for years, and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park. Even though the paths are complicated and twisted, you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin. Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of __________.

__________ is an operant conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Mateo and Tomás are identical twins. Mateo was raised by his father and mother, and Tomás was accidentally placed with another family after a mix-up at the hospital. At the age of 15, the boys ran into each other at a football game and noticed that they appeared to be mirror images of each other. After genetic testing proved that they are twins, the families discussed some of the differences between the boys. Mateo is very athletic and intelligent and excels in basketball, but he does not take school seriously and has F’s in all subjects. Tomás is also athletic and intelligent and excels in baseball, and he makes straight A’s as a result of his strict home life and study routine. Although they are identical twins, what do you think accounts for the differences in the two boys’ academic performance based on the research?

Which of the following accurately describes the way in which monozygotic twins occur?

Eliza was born a female with only one X chromosome on the 23rd pair. As a result, she is very short, infertile, and sexually underdeveloped. Eliza is likely to be diagnosed with __________.