Land or income given to a vassal in exchange for military service was known as a 

All of the following is true of the ideal of civilized behavior known as chivalry EXCEPT

In the High Middle Ages, European society was dominated by the aristocracy, best described as

Theodoric, the Ostrogothic king who took control of Italy, was determined to

One consequence of the new agriculture of the Early Middle Ages was

Many of the people of Rome who were poor, unprivileged, and vulnerable were a part  of the social class known as the ___________ .

In 476, the boy emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed by    

Many Christians who contracted the plague sought help from the Jews.

The most accurate description of jihad is “striving in the way of the Lord.”

The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defeated which of the following near Poitiers in 732?