Three men were arrested by police. Sal committed a crime when wrongs were avenged in accordance with lex talionis.  Sal’s brother Hal committed a crime and was forced to row a ship as punishment.  Their friend Cal was moved to another region of the country as punishment for his offense.What punishment practice was used in sentencing Cal?

Caleb was held in custody for two weeks before he could pay for his release.  Once he was released, he was confined to his home per court order and under constant surveillance.  Caleb failed to appear for his next court appearance.  What release mechanism was used for Caleb’s release?

Which one of these is not part of the inmate code identified by Gresham Sykes?    

_________ budgets are by far the most expensive part of the penal system.

Researchers now recognize that the size of the prison population is not driven by the amount of crime; it is driven by __________.

In the United States, jails are operated mainly by what level of government?

Roughly 70% of those under correctional control in the United States are currently serving the sentence in what ways?

Prison construction is not an explanation for the increased rate of incarceration in the United States.

Leaving one’s jurisdiction without permission is an example of a __________ violation of probation.

The most likely outcome of probation is that people __________.