What ventilatory strategy has been found to be useful for avoiding barotrauma in the treatment of patients with ARDS? A. prolonged expiratory time B. permissive hypercapnia C. inverse-ratio ventilation D. intermittent mandatory ventilation    

A patient receiving pressure control ventilation is being ventilated with a following vent. settings: Rate 14 bpm ,  I-time 0.8 sec. ,  PIP 30 cm H2O,   PEEP  5 cm H2O What is patient’s PaW? ( Mean airway pressure )    I.   8.94 cm H2O II.  9.66 cm H2O III. 7.99 cm H2O IV. 10.4 cm H2O

The set rate was increased to 15 breaths/min.   Four hours later the patient’s nurse calls to tell you that the ventilator is alarming. You enter the room and the low pressure and low volume alarms are triggering. What should be assessed at this time?   Select as MANY as indicated

A time-cycled constant flow generator is set up with a flow of 35 L/min and an inspiratory time of 1.7 seconds. What is the approximate VT?   A. 750 ml (0.75 L) B. 990 ml (0.99 L) C. 1900 ml (1.90 L) D. 1200 ml (1.20 L)

The endotracheal tube was withdrawn until bilateral breath sounds were heard. and secured at 24 cm at the lip. The physician would like you to recommend appropriate CMV setting for this 6’0″ male patient who weighs 110 kg.   Choose only ONE

The physician agrees with SIMV Rate of 14, VT 550 ml, PEEP +5 cm H2O, FIO2 100%.   What ventilator parameters should be assessed once the patient was placed on CMV?   Select as MANY as appropriate

Assessment reveals: HR 120 bpm, Respiration 35 breaths/min, BP 130/85 mmHg, SpO2 85% Lungsounds: Rhonchi and wheezes in the RUL and RML. Temperature: of 102 F No Cyanosis Strong productive cough with moderate amount of thick yellow secretions. What should be done FIRST?   Choose only ONE

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely diagnosis?  pH = 6.89, PaCO2 = 24 torr,  HCO3 = 4.7 mEq/ L a.  Acute uncompensated metabolic acidosis b.  Acute uncompensated respiratory acidosis c.  Partially compensated metabolic acidosis d.  Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

A patient with a 10-year history of chronic bronchitis and an acute viral pneumonia exhibits the following blood gas results breathing room air: pH = 7.22; PCO2 = 67; HCO3- = 26; PO2 = 60. Which of the following best describes this patient’s condition? A. chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure B. acute hypercapnic respiratory failure C. chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure D. acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

In intubated patients, what do sources of increased imposed work of breathing include? I. endotracheal tube II. ventilator circuit III. auto-PEEP   A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III