A 65-year-old man who is a heavy smoker with long-standing uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidemia presents to the outpatient clinic with shortness of breath, which happens with minimal effort. On physical exam, his blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg; otherwise his exam is unremarkable. Chest x-ray shows prominent left heart border and echocardiogram shows left ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following risk factors is the main cause for this patient’s symptoms?

A nurse practitioner preceptor and learner are discussing the role of cytokines. The learner correctly identifies what cellular function of cytokines?

A nurse practitioner preceptor and learner are evaluating a patient with a chief complaint of a headache and history of migraines. The preceptor asks the learner to obtain a detailed information on the patient’s condition. Which reporting statement by the learner is most concerning to the preceptor?

A nurse practitioner preceptor and learner are discussing alterations of memory. Which statement by the nurse practitioner learner indicates understanding?

With a thoracic aneurysm what pathophysiologic condition causes painful breathing?

Which would be considered a diagnostic symptom of schizophrenia?

What is the pathogen responsible for encephalitis associated with Lyme disease?

Which of the following is present in all cases of infective endocarditis, regardless of the etiology?

Which of the following is not a known cause of viral meningitis?

Which of the following is an atherosclerotic cause of sudden cardiac death?