A family brings their 70-year-old grandmother with no prior psychiatric history to the emergency department for evaluation of approximately 1 year of verbal agitation that has worsened over the past 2 months. After a thorough medical and psychiatric evaluation, the evaluating physician determines that the patient likely has Alzheimer’s dementia and is considering treatment for agitation. Which of the following is important for the physician to consider when deciding on treatment?

Which of the following is a risk factor for the emergence of Alzheimer’s disease in a depressed patient?

In assessing a patient’s function and change of function, what are the most important parameters to assess?

Located on chromosome 21, a mutation in which of the following genes is most associated with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD)?

An 85-year-old woman has experienced two falls in the past month. She is at your office today for her regularly scheduled psychotherapy session. She lives in her own home, and although she is independent in caring for herself, she has an adult daughter who lives nearby and checks on her frequently. She says that neither fall resulted in injury, and this assessment is confirmed by her daughter, who brought her mother in for today’s appointment. The patient is a pleasant, well-groomed woman who attributes these events to slipping on a loose throw rug on one occasion and rushing to answer the phone and losing her balance on the other. She has full recollection of the events surrounding these falls. Her medical history is remarkable only for hypertension, for which she has taken enalapril 5 mg/day for many years. On examination she is in no distress. Her blood pressure is 130/80 and no orthostatic changes are noted. The rest of her examination is relatively unremarkable, but when you ask her to get out of the chair to assess mobility and balance, you notice that she braces herself on the arms of the chair, and it takes more than 30 seconds for her to rise from the chair, walk 10 feet, turn around, return, and be seated. Her daughter asks, “Are there any interventions that might be helpful in decreasing the risk of future falls?” Which of the following is most appropriate with regard to fall prevention for this particular patient?

Which of the following represents age-related physiological changes in vision?

You are asked to see a 75-year-old man with a known diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. The patient has lived in a nursing facility for many years, and staff note that the patient is agitated, intermittently confused, and combative over the course of the night. Nursing notes indicate that this is new behavior for the patient, and staff have never known him to be violent in the past. Which of the following is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

 Which assessment tool is used to evaluate the presence of tardive dyskinesia in elderly patients?

Which of the following medications is most associated with agitation in older adults?

5. A nurse is caring for a client who has not been able to void for 8 hr following surgery. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?