Suppose Rio is a risk-averse agent and owns a lottery that he could play. The lottery pays either $25 or $13 with equal chance. Rio would be willing to sell the lottery only if he is offered a payment greater than the expected value of the lottery.

Why do Cepheid variables have that strange name?

Consider a two-player infinitely repeated game between A and B that involves only two strategies – cooperate and defect. Player A employs an open Tit-for-Tat strategy (oTFT – begin the relationship by cooperating, and in each future period choose the action that was chosen by the rival in the preceding period of play) and player B employs a closed Tit-for-Tat strategy (cTFT – begin the relationship by defecting, and in each future period choose the action that was chosen by the rival in the preceding period of play). In the long-term, the cooperative outcome is attainable.

Why can astronomers not measure the diameters of stars directly?

Short Essay:    Discuss Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: 1) What is the concept, and generally speaking, what are the levels? 2) From a personal point of view, describe a time when Maslow’s Theory may have been working through your decision making process. 3)  From an environmental point of view, describe a time when Maslow’s Theory may have been working through our nation’s decision making process.

The original definition of a meter was

The process of desalination can be summarized as the:

Select the phrase that correctly describes smog.

Which of the following would be considered a nonpoint source of pollution?

Short Essay: Many of the environmental issues we learned about in these courses are very large and complex. Explain several things (~4) you could do as an individual in your current lifestyle to work towards a solution to a large, complex environmental issue (e.g., starvation in developing nations, global air pollution, severe drought, etc.)?